Listed below are brief abstracts and hyperlinks to articles and case studies that investigate water reuse, or aspects of water filtration, processing and use that are applicable to the project being undertaken here.
Food and Beverage Processing
Case Studies
Assessment of Environmental Management Systems for Agro Industries and Bottling Companies in Wami-Ruvu and Pangani Water Basins
Tanzania Health and Environmental Sanitation Association, 2008
This report details the status and best practices of environmental management systems, including water reuse, in three industrial operations as well as two bottling companies in the Wami-Ruvu and Pangani river basins in Tanzania.
Bluetongue Brewery Water Reuse Project
Food Magazine, 2009 July 8
Pacific Beverages is building Bluetongue Brewery in New South Wales, Australia, and the company aims to maximize the facility’s water and energy conservation. This project describes efforts to reuse water, treated by reverse osmosis, to power the plant’s boiler.
Cleaner Production Case Study: The South Australian Brewing Company Pty Ltd
Environment Protection Agency of South Australia
This report describes the company’s waste reduction efforts, which include water reuse, and demonstrates the resulting efficiency and profitability improvements.
Foster’s Australia: Water-Efficient Business Profile
AllConnex
This case study discusses the water conversation methods for Foster’s brewery in Yatala, Queensland, in which recycled water is used in non-product–related applications such as cleaning and boiler make-up. A presentation regarding the Yatala brewery is also available.
GE’s RO System Helps Unilever Reduce Water, Natural Gas Consumption and Chemical Usage
GE Water & Process Technologies, 2008
As part of an initiative to improve energy efficiency, Unilever implemented a reverse osmosis water treatment system for its plant in Rexdale, Ontario, Canada. In addition to softening and purifying water, the system reuses process water captured throughout the plant in its boilers.
Swan Brewery: Water Energy and Efficiency
The Swan Brewery, located in western Australia, utilizes a variety of environmental management processes. Among these include a water recycling system that recovers water from a variety of resources and uses reverse osmosis processes in its treatment. The water is then used in non-product services such as cooling towers.
Water Recycling in the Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry
J.M. Montgomery for the Office of Water Recycling, State Water Resources Control Board, 1981
This report details processes, applications, and implementation strategies for water reuse in fruit and vegetable processing. Process water flow patterns are also described.
XXXX Brewery: Environmental Facts
The brewery uses a number of water treatment processes, among which it recycles its water for use in non-product–related applications such as cooling towers, boiling, and cleaning.
Journal Articles
Advanced Water Recycling Through Electrochemical Treatment of Effluent From Dissolved Air Flotation Unit of Food Processing Industry
Sukjoon Yoo and Jeffery S. Hsieh
Water Science & Technology, 2010;61(1):181-190
The feasibility of using electrochemical (EC) treatment as a water recycling process in the food industry was studied. The final treated effluent was found to meet US Environmental Protection Agency standards, and the authors concluded that the EC process could be as effective as advanced water resourcing.
Presentations
Water Minimisation, Recycling and Recovery: Implementation to the Food, Drink and Process Industry
Jiří J Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam, and Dominic C.Y. Food
This presentation discusses water use in daily life as well as industrial processing. The minimization of water use and approaches to water integration are also examined. A pinch analysis approach is discussed and case studies are highlighted.
Reports
Considering Water Quality for Use in the Food Industry
ILSI Europe Report Series, 2008
This report addresses water as it relates to production and processing in the food industry. Performance criteria and management systems, as well as applications for water reuse, are discussed. In addition, this report proposes a framework to assess water suitability and it also provides technical support on topics such as microbial hazards, chemicals, and process interventions.
Corporate Water Reporting: A Study of the Australian Food, Beverage, and Tobacco Sector
Matthew Egan and Geoff Frost for CPA Australia, 2010
As part of a three-part research project on nonfinancial information disclosure, the authors discuss public disclosures by corporations as related to their water consumption.
Reducing Water and Effluent Costs in Breweries
Environmental Technology Best Practice Programme
This UK-based report examines water use and potential savings for breweries. Water and effluent minimization is discussed for brewing, beer packaging, and ancillary processes.
Water Efficiency Opportunities: Drink Processing and Beverage Sector
Australian Government
This best practice guide for water management includes data on water reuse opportunities. A checklist offers manufacturers an opportunity to self-assess their water efficiency.
Water-saving Factsheet: Beverage Industry
Australian Industry Group
This factsheet suggests options for saving water and demonstrates the benefits of water efficiency for the beverage industry.
Websites
Water Recycling in the Food and Beverage Industry
Lenntech
This website provides an overview of water recycling practices in the food and beverage processing industry, as well as directs readers to a variety of resources on water reuse.
Water and Wastewater Treatment
Case Studies
GE’s EDR Technology Solves a Unique Set of Water Quality Problems for Magna, Utah
GE Water & Process Technologies, 2009
Using GE’s electrodialysis reversal (EDR) system, the Magna Water District was able to decrease arsenic levels and to reduce salinity in its water supply. These reductions, along with minimal wastewater production, enabled Magna to comply with state and federal water quality guidelines and thus to produce high-quality drinking water.
GE Empowers Barcelona Community With Water Quality Solutions
GE Water & Process Technologies, 2009
The Aigües Ter-Llobregat's Drinking Water Treatment Plant faced a variety of problems, including water scarcity, regulatory issues, and poor water quality. In response, the plant used electrodialysis reversal (EDR) technology to reduce contaminants and improve quality of the regions water supply.
Presentations
Wastewater Recycling Plants With Zero Effluent Discharge
Transparent Technologies Pvt Ltd
This presentation discusses the typical process for complete water recycling with zero effluent discharge. A detailed case study featuring such a plant used in the pharmaceutical industry is also provided.
Websites
Treated Water Reuse
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Water Development and Management Unit
This webpage discusses the value of water reuse globally, and demonstrates that some countries are already using 100% of their treated wastewater in a variety of applications. The FAO Wastewater Database can also be accessed from this webpage.
Guidelines
Drinking Water Guidelines
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality
World Health Organization, 2011
The fourth edition of the WHO guidelines includes further development of the preventative risk management approach to achieving drinking water quality. This report provides guidance on issues such as drinking-water safety, microbial hazards, climate change, and chemical contaminants, to name a few.
Water Reuse Standards and Verification Protocol
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2005
This report reviews global quality standards and treatment technology verification protocols for domestic water reuse. In addition, resources for technology verification are provided and applications for lab and field testing are also discussed.
Water Reuse Guidelines
Guidelines for Water Reuse
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Agency for International Development, 2004
This work examines the guidelines, standards, and practices related to substituting reclaimed water for potable water. Information is also presented on application types, technical issues, chemicals and pathogens, legal issues, funding, public acceptance, and so forth. Case studies and resources are also included.
Water and Wastewater Reuse: An Environmentally Sound Approach for Sustainable Urban Water Management
United Nations Environment Programme, 2005
This publication discusses water and wastewater reuse as an environmentally sound technology in various applications such as agriculture, industry, and urban areas. In addition, the principles, requirements, capacity building, standards and guidelines related to water and wastewater reuse are also examined.