General Description of Carrier System |
Carrier System (i.e. Solid Matrix) |
Release Scenario |
References |
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Unspecified |
Commercially available sock fabrics |
Washing |
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Unspecified |
Commercially available household products (medical mask, medical cloth, shirt, teddy bear toy & cloth towel) |
Washing |
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Cotton & unspecified |
Laboratory produced and commercially available fabric shirts |
Wear / Human contact |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
79% cotton, 14% polyamide, 6% x-static fiber, 1% Lycra & electrolytically deposited layer of Ag on fiber (X-Static) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
Polyester & plasma coated fiber with 100nm n-Ag embedded in PES matrix (Plasma-NP) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
Cotton & ~200nm AgCl bound on fiber surface (AgCl) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
Cotton & ~200nm AgCl in binder bound on the fiber surface (AgCl-Binder) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
Polyester & n-Ag bound on fiber surface (NP-PES-Surf) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
Polyester & n-Ag in PES fiber (NP-PES) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
80% polyester, 20% polyamide with n-Ag in fibers (NP-PES/PA) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
50% cotton, 39% polyester, 6% nylon, 5% Spandex with n-Ag inside synthetic fibers (X-Systems) |
Washing |
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Thermoplastic / textile blends |
80% cotton, 20% elastic yarn with n-Ag in cotton fibers (AgKilBact) |
Washing |
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Reference Links |
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- Benn, T. and P. Westerhoff (2008) Nanoparticle silver released into water from commercially available sock fabrics. Environmental Science and Technology. 42: 4133-4139.
- Benn, T., B. Cavanagh, K. Hristovski, J. Posner and P. Westerhoff (2010) The release of nanosilver from consumer products used in the home. Journal of Environmental Quality. 39: 1875-1882.
- Geranio, L., M. Heuberger and B. Nowack (2009) The behavior of silver nanotextiles during washing. Environmental Science and Technology. 43: 8113-8118.
- Kulthong, K., S. Srisung, K. Boonpavanitchakul, W. Kangwansupamonkon and R. Maniratanachote (2010) Determination of silver nanoparticle release from antibacterial fabrics into artificial sweat. Particle Fibre Toxicology. 7: 8.
Additional study details are available for download here. [Excel file] |
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